The global food retail industry - Free Essay Example

The Global Food Retail Industry Introduction Food retail business is growing fast these days; it is one of the businesses that bringing companies greater profits. All the modern business had fast growth in related industry over the time. Businesses are having global expansion these days and now companies are coming out of their national boundaries. Asian markets are now emerging economic centres of business activates. China and India are worlds potential economic powers. For example McDonalds and Wal-Mart are growing fast in the global markets. Similarly TESCO is also expanding over the new markets in Europe and Asia. Carrefour is one of other food business related to the food industry that is expanding its outreach. Many food businesses are in problems even some medium level businesses have to sell their assets to cover their payments and to run their business. Common local stores and local brands are also hit by these kinds of trends some time from bigger retailers like TESCO and Wal-Mart. Similarly in competition major companies have to redesign their trading methods and customer services to remain at top in their related market. In the U.S.A. food industry is under huge pressures as small business and many generic stores are making complaints about some policies of Wal-Mart and other food retailers like Costco. From m echanized to supply everything related to technology have made important impacts on this industry as the freshness of food is major element in this industry and technology have vital role in it. . Current age computerization and electronic changes have contributed on many aspects of food industry. On other hand there are concerns over the health issues which are coming to public attention through media on daily bases. Global warming is another issue that is indirectly related to food production from farming to factories production many activities are contributing to the global warming. The food demand is on increase as UNO have predicted about the rise of food demand in future times as the world population have touched 7 billion. As there is global warming that will decrease the water supply for farming and there will be more demand in future. Scientists are worried how to bridge the gap by 2050. Main feature of Food industry There is visible decline in consumer spending on food items now days especially after global recession that is not ending very soon and stretching more over the years. The public spending on some food items has increased but overall spending is decreasing day by day that is natter of concern for the companies which are into food business. There are different forms of food in the market which are following:- Basic or traditional food commodities like wheat, rice, and con; Horticultural food products like vegetables and fruits; Semi processed food items like oils and flour; Processed food items like precooked foods. Changing trend in food intake has changed global food market over the years since 2000. All over globe food merchants are trying to meet the food needs by reaching distances like Africa and Asia and Australia to keep the supply chain active and on flow. Many multinationals are expanding their business to new markets in Asia and Africa. Many major food industry companies have invested all over the world in the production and supply of food items to different markets. Following data can easily explain the market trends in food industry over the years. Four-firm concentration (CR4), by region and product category, 2007 Product category Region Soup Breakfast cereal Baby food Pet food Confectionery Cheese Percent share of total product sales of the top four firms Africa, Middle East 71.5 55.9 55.7 60.4 38.3 28.2 Asia Pacific 42.9 61.9 43.3 29.9 26.0 43.1 Australasia 91.1 87.8 91.5 59.0 74.1 70.1 Eastern Europe 66.5 40.0 55.2 58.2 36.6 17.5 Latin America 75.0 75.0 84.1 51.3 42.3 15.0 North America 68.3 82.3 88.0 48.6 56.8 43.2 Western Europe 55.6 61.3 73.9 45.5 37.8 21.5 World 50.4 62.3 60.0 45.8 32.9 20.2 1/ Four-firm concentration (CR4) is the sum of the sales shares of the leading four suppliers in each market. Source: Euromonitor, 2009. The food market with its sector shown at current prices ( £bn at RSP*), 2004-2008. (Source: Key Note) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Meat and meat products 224 234 247 267 285 Fish and fish products 64 69 75 83 89 Fruit and vegetables 205 211 218 227 236 Dairy products, eggs, oils, and fats 240 252 265 280 294 Bread, cakes, biscuits, and cereals 197 203 212 224 233 Other foods 36 38 40 43 45 Total 996 1,007 1,057 1,124 1,182 % change year-on-year 3.6 4.2 5.0 6.3 5.1 Further detail is shown in annexure one World Top FiveFood Companies Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Carrefour S.A. Metro AG Tesco Plc The Kroger Co. Answer One Globalization and Food industry Globalisation can be taken as result or trend that was created with the advancement in technology that brought revolution in transportation and communications. It has made world a global village where travel and communication is as easy as it was in villages centuries back for our forefathers. Speed in most of the human life has turned this world into a smaller place by Jets and internet. There is also advancement in travelling over waters in the sea. That has increased the capacity of transportation of goods dramatically from previous decades. Global access and reach is now a possible thing in modern business world. All concepts of farming, food production and its supply to the markets are now changed one and having more possibilities than ever. Food industry is also affected by these global advancements in science and technology. Food was earliest item that made humans on track of trade and commerce centuries back in early human civilisation. Food is one of major item that is bei ng traded in the markets globally in huge quantities. This phenomenon of globalisation brought emergence of companies like Wal-Mart, Carrefour and TESCO and it is also helping these companies to grow fast to reach throughout the world in future times to gain more profits on their sales. Benefits of globalisation are many first things is availability of food around the year is possible unlike past times when it was seasonal for most of the food items. Second thing is availability of food in greater quantity that was also not possible in past times. Third is rise of dairy and nutritional foods availability. All countries are now benefitted at same levels from neighbouring countries with their products and supply. More choices for consumers are available now throughout the world. Global businesses such as like Wal-mart and TESCO or McDonalds are gaining maximum from the global markets and globalisation of transport and communication. Before greater trend of globalisation trade wa s a seasonal activity and its outreach was narrow to national boundaries for food items.   But now this trade is expanded and also continues all the year. This thing carries a lot of drawbacks for human life like health issue caused by the use of modified crops and preserved foods. Many major companies including WAl-mart, Carrefour and TESCO are facing problem with this trend as they have to compromise on the prices and profits due to these global trends.   The Some national food businesses now have redesigned their outlook and strategy and gaining acceptance rapidly inside national boundaries all over the world. This is also creating new challenge for the global businesses. I can say here that globalisation in this industry have brought diversity of strategic approach in this business here are some strategic ways adopted by some companies in past 18 months or more to sustain in the current global recession. Problems and Strategies to cope with GlobalRecession 1: New Entry Threats: All the major firm in food industry are feeling threat from entry of new rivals as many companies like TESCO, Wal-mart and Carrefour are expanding their business in USA and Europe and they are entering into each others market to gain maximum profits from their methodology. 2: Consumer Bargain Power: In these global crises the buyers importance has increased as companies are trying to keep flow of cash into their businesses and thus public purchase power has decline with rise in inflation, unemployment and economic conditions in the world. So, consumers are now trying to use tier bargain power effectively and they are getting more bargains over their purchase than ever before. For example all major retailers in UK have to adjust their price strategy to cope with the price strategy of ASDA and TESCO in last couple of years before that these retailers were targeting niche market segments but now under the burden of recession they made a shift in their strategi es and start compromise on prices to attract wide range of customers. 3: Alliances: There different strategies adopted by these food retailers to cope with problems of globalisation and growing economic recession. One of strategy is formation of alliances like â€Å"British Retail Consortium† that include all major retailer in UK likeArgos, ASDA, TESCO, Wilkinson, T.K.Max and others. The purpose of this alliance is to control many problems faced by these retailers and also having a platform that can help them in presenting their point of views to government and different sectors. 4: Mergers and Acquisitions: Globalization made some companies to adopt different measure to sustain their position in time of recession. One of the examples about going into mergers and acquisitions. For example ASDA and Wal-mart went into a business acquisition of ASDA by Wal-mart over the years. In year 2009 Wal-mart sold its assets of ASDA to its own subsidiary company Corinth. Similarly th ere is also example about the alliance between Plascon Packaging and DC Norris. Similarly in year 2008 TESCO taken over stores from one of South Koreas major superstore market name E-Land with its one billion pound investment. TESCO runs its business in Korea as Homeplus , hypermarkets and Homeplus Express stores that is ventured with famous electronic company Samsung. Question Two: TESCO Strategy in current Global Market All these food businesses in recent years times are facing problem due to recessions and governmental policies over the time. For example TESCO is going with a different strategy to deal with this situation created by global recession. It is expanding its business over the globe and trying to capture new markets where it can get more sales and profits. Here are some strategies adopted by TESCO to deal with this entire situation. Expansion policy TESCO unlike other firms have adopted a different strategy to deal with menace of global recession. It is opening its stores to new markets and new lands. This policy of global outreach and expansion is working positive for TESCO as it is gaining sales margins over its rivals. It is penetrating new markets like India and China which are really huge potential markets for any company dealing with food and non food items. This is helping TESCO without compromise on its profits and ginning someth ing that is working now and will be working more in futures as there will end of global recession. Further its expansion to Asian nations and into European markets is creating profit seeking opportunity for TESCO. Market Position: TESCO is trying to keep its position in the market by avoiding its competition to its rivals as it is focusing on different earning variables other than its rivals like Wal-Mart and others. It is having different level of product quality and prices. Risks: With its effective expansion strategy it is going with less risks but it also making its stakeholder aware with its activities fully so they can keep trust on it and can help it when it is in trouble by providing enough resources for any situation to deal with. At the end of this global recession it is predicted that TESCO will gain more from its strategy. Maximum Product line: As a well-known supermarket TESCO is getting its profits due to availability of range if products and services at its s tores. It has successfully provided its customers with the range of choices in Varity of food items. TESCO is keeping hold on UK market and is utilising its learning there on foreign lands that providing maximum profits for its sales. Direct Marketing TESCO is reaching to its customers by direct marketing this is store based and online marketing that helping TESCO to maximise its customer range. Its online business has got popularity and that is paying back to TESCO from all segments of customers. It is adding daily to its club card holders that are regular customers to TESCO. These club card holder or members are benefited on every single purchase they make on TESCO. Online Business Online business is another feature of TESCOs policy that serving it by subsequent reasons:- tangible sales of products Advertising and promotion. consumer service Market trends research Wide Range of Services and Products TESCO is provided that variety of goods plus food product and services on its online and other stores. There is availability of long range of products and services. Its club members are also making its promotion and bringing more customers who are becoming club members and are purchasing most the things on its stores as they can get maximum benefits from maximum shopping on TESCO. Margins of profits All Supermarkets try to gain maximum profits from their products and services by the use of different techniques. TESCO is doing many things also like having a strategy of economy of scales for production and purchase from other producers that is giving it maximum profits over its products and services. It has winning trend over the prices with its rivals. It is famous for its price cuts but all this not done on the cost of its business instead it is expanding its business over the continents as it is gaining from sales. If we see the strategies adopted by the TESCO we can find that TESCO remained successful in getting benefits from all its strategies over the time. Especially in last one or two years TESCO expanded its business to new markets and it was successful in making profits for its business. Similarly it also gone through the strategy of lowering prices and looking for new markets to grab initial profits. TESCO have different strategies that are helping its business to grow. It is also started holding markets in India and China. TESCO is now household brand name worldwide and especially in UK , TESCO Performance Chart for Last five years: Here is performance chart of TESCO showing its performance in last five years in the market. Source: Interactive investor website This chart indicates that TESCO has gained a rise in its market position in last five years though it was unable to keep its share position as it was in year 2007 and 2008. Yet it was able to recover from crises of economy as it was in 2009. This shows the growth rate in the TESCO plc over last five years. It is also indication that strategy adopted by the TESCO is working in its favour and proven effective in the time of recession. Question Three: MichaelT.Duke is President and Chief Executive Officer; of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc, he is holding this position since February 2009. He remained on different position with Walmart over the time. He has great experience as Voice president of Walmart international. He also served as member of board of directors for The Consumer Goods Forum, the executive committee of the Business Roundtable, and the executive board of Conservation International Centre for Environmental Leadership in Business. He is member of board of advisors to University of Arkansas and also member with advisory board to Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in Beijing, China. He has decades knowledge within retail sector. He have a dynamic personality and brought good times to Walmart even in the times of recession. As CEO, he brought growth to the company and holds command over the management He believe in the Walmarts mission that says â€Å"saving people money so they can live better† so he always looking for implementation of that strategy in practical. He wants walmart grow further in to new markets as he is focusing on china these days. He wants Company to keep a sustainable development over the times. He is having good experience for administration, logistics and distribution with Walmart U.S.A. He is being considered as a dynamic and active chairman, for the walmart. His wise leadership made Walmart on track of development and growth over the years. He brought company towards growth in time of global recession. He also put Walmart on track of global expansion in its business. Mike is taking Wal-mart on a higher profit way that is created by the maximum sales. He is looking for more markets for its company over the times and is aiming higher for his team and company. His experience can make walmart world number one business which has global outreach to all corners of the world. If we see the approach of Mr Mike is risk taker in his approach towards busine ss corporate strategy. He always believes in doing things and getting success. He is prospector in his nature dealing with his business; he enjoys making new experiments and taking bold decisions. Under his supervision Wal-mart is expanding carefully. Mr mike is looking forward in 2015 as he believe that coming years are good for the retail food sector. He is one who wants to see Wal-mart serving more than current outreach. As he is targeting for his team maximum outcome.Mr Mike is well educated person who have good knowledge related to retail market thus he is helping his joiners more consciously to get maximum desired results. Mike having diverse personality?   Some time it is observed that good leadership takes companies on growth and more on to the track of development and profits. There are certain issues related to food industry that required efficient participation in the main activities. Mike is one of business leaders who can shift in hire or her facially expressi on for safety. Mike over the years on different designations served Wal-mart in a good professional manner. Now he himself wants his team capable of learning and starting any required task while doing their work at Wal-Mart. His leadership can be categorising as Situational Leadership for Wal-mart as he takes decisions depending on situation requirement. Secondly he is kind of Strategic team leader which plans effectively and leads team from front. Over the year Mike is trying to expand Wal-mat business into China and India and many other Asian countries. He takes it as challenge as other retailers like TESCO is also trying with same strategy. If he keeps this trend it is possibility that Wal-mart can generate some extra income that can be helpful in sustaining Wal-Mart position in troubling business environment. Mike have potential to lead his team towards greater success in coming times. Conclusion Global recession has put negative impacts on the growth and sustainability of the businesses. All industry is facing new challenges in this recession time. Every company is adapting its diverse approach to cope with this recession time. Food industry is also having bad time in this recession unfortunately it is also failed to get maximum support from governments in their bailout plans. Yet most of the major companies are surviving in this situation as these companies are compromising on their profits and focusing on their sales to cover that profit gap. There is unbalance between demand and supply and interesting thing is there is also a negative relation between demand and profits in this industry. With recent global depression and distress over modified food, this industry is experiencing many issues that are putting negative impact on this industry to keep its pace with global business. With opening of markets like china and India this business have chance to grow and get some e nergy in this recession time. These problems and decreasing profit margins are main outcome in this global recession for food industry which is one of the main issues related to every TESCOs business and strategic planning for future. Pressures are increasing for retailers like Wal-Mart and TESCO which are trying to compromise on the prices and cutting to their profits to keep them in the position that makes them secure in the market. The increase in the demand for food is good sign and also the expansion of business but some other issues like consumers reduction of purchase power and governmental policies over the world are some issues that are making concerns for these companies. Hence these retailers are going with safe and secure strategies to deal with all kind of situations. There is also need to adjust some basic problems like food wastage and exploring new markets rapidly to keep the profit ratio at reasonable level for company. TESCO and Wal-mar t together or separate ar e trying to cope with the current recession time and both are adopting similar strategies and methodologies.

Coagulation Definition (Chemistry and Biology)

Coagulation is a gelling or clumping of particles, typically in a colloid. The term typically applies to the thickening of a liquid or sol, usually when protein molecules cross-link. When coagulation or clotting occurs in blood, it proceeds immediately after blood vessel damage. Two processes occur. Platelets change and the subendothelian tissue factor is exposed to plasma Factor VII, which ultimately forms fibrin. Primary hemostasis occurs when platelets plug the injury. Secondary hemostasis occrs as clotting factors strengthen the platelet plug with fibrin factors. Also Known As: coagulate, coagulating, clotting Examples of Coagulation Milk proteins coagulate to thicken the mixture that forms yogurt. Blood platelets coagulate blood to seal a wound. Pectin gels (coagulates) a jam. Gravy coagulates as it cools. Sources David Lillicrap; Nigel Key; Michael Makris; Denise OShaughnessy (2009). Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–5. ISBN 1-4051-8460-4.Pallister CJ, Watson MS (2010). Haematology. Scion Publishing. pp. 336–347. ISBN 1-904842-39-9.

Liberation And Freedom Are Exquisite Possessions. The...

Liberation and freedom are exquisite possessions. The possible accomplishment or loss of it can both cause the suitable amount of anxiety as revealed by the lead characters in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and James Joyce’s â€Å"Eveline†. Mrs. Mallard and Eveline are standing at the threshold of a raw life story. The difference between the two is that while Mrs. Mallard is eagerly looking forward to her new found freedom, Eveline is deeply panic-struck from the thought of freedom. When the characters are at a point in their life that offers an escape into the enchanting world of the unknown, both react differently. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and James Joyce’s â€Å"Eveline† have a similar theme of freedom but how the protagonist†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Story of an Hour† was written in 1894, which is a time period where women did not really have much power or say in anything that we nt on. Women were really the ones who stayed home and took care of the family and tended to the house, while the husbands went out and worked. Women stayed out of the limelight and their opinions were never considered or heard. Even though women had desires and feelings, those feelings were never heard of. Women did not dare speak out about their feelings or their rights. Women lived a life of silence the because they had no voice and they dared not once speak out. The major theme in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is freedom. In the beginning of the story, Mrs. Mallard learns about her husband’s sudden death. She first reacts like any grieving wife would. She is upset so she excuses herself and rushes off to her bedroom to be away from everyone. While in her room the reader sees a completely different side of Mrs. Mallard. She in some sense is happy; yes, she is upset that her husband is dead, however; she now feels this new found freedom that she did not feel before. â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: â€Å"free, free, free!† The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch ofShow MoreRelatedsecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pages(Introduction and Conclusion) INTRODUCTION BOOK ONE: Part I Part II Part III FACTS AND MYTHS DESTINY HISTORY MYTHS BOOK TWO: Part IV Part V Part VI Part VI WOMANS LIFE TODAY THE FORMATIVE YEARS SITUATION JUSTIFICATIONS TOWARD LIBERATION CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION FOR A LONG TIME I have hesitated to write a book on woman. The subject is irritating especially to women; and it is not new. Enough ink has been spilled in the quarreling over feminism, now practically over, andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesand continues to remain, relatively constant. With minor variations and stylistic differences, what has not changed in several thousand years are the basic skills that lie at the heart of effective, satisfying, growth-producing human relationships. Freedom, dignity, trust, love, and honesty in relationships have always been among the goals of human beings, and the same principles that brought about those outcomes in the eleventh century still bring them about in the twenty-first century. Despite ourRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesparking lot. It ran past the zombies without the zombies reacting. Zombies only attack humans? he said with surprise. Thats another reason why animals are uninfected. But if these zombies are so diseased that all animals avoid them; then is it possible that micro-organisms may not consume them either? If that is a fact then that means it could take a very long time for their bodies to completely decompose. Then that means... That means that it could take years for them to die out. Again he

The Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay - 987 Words

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The War Of 1812 And The United States - 1716 Words

The American Revolution did not mark the end of the tensions and conflicts between England and the newly formed United States. The war of 1812 is often referred to as the United States second war for independence because, like the Revolutionary War, it was fought against England. This war was the result of many years of a tension among both countries. It both surprised the British and concerned many Americans who believed that this war was an unwise effort. This was not because there was not reasons to go to war with England. But rather because United States had avoided war for so long that when war was declared on England it was unexpected. With that said there were many reasons that the United States declared war on England. Among which†¦show more content†¦In the end result England considered any ship that did not stop the enemy which of course included American ships. In response to this act the United States passed the Embargo Act of 1807 which prohibited all American ships from trading in all foreign ports. The goal with this act was to get England and France to stop restricting American trade but it did not happen. This later would backfire and instead of benefiting the Americans it would unpleasantly affected all regions of the United States and all segments of the economy. It especially hit the New England region were many ship ports were located. It also affected the prices of cotton which in hand affected the South forcing many planters out of business. Since this act failed to change any British policy and only affected the economy it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act in 1809, which maintained the embargo only against Britain and France, but did not ban trade with other European countries. Later this bill was replaced by the Macon’s Bill number two which was intended to motivate England and France to stop capturing American ships during the Napoleonic Wars. It also stated that if either country France or England removed their restrictions against the United States and the other it would do not do likewise, then the United States would restore normal trade. France valued this idea

A Critical Reflection On Health Inequality - 1764 Words

Introduction In the critical reflection 2, we will be recalling the term health inequality. And, find out the importance of needing a policy to answer the necessity of health disparity. In the first section of the paper, two of the policy solutions will be introduced and will also mention how these policies affect population, and the policy maker. The other section will state the pros and cons of the policies from the writer’s perspective. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes on the significance of answering health disparity by using the policies and how it helps to reduce the inequality. For a better understanding of the policies, it is necessary to define the term health inequality. The term health inequality is defined as a differences in health status or the differences among the different populations (WHO, 2015). The purpose of a policy to address health inequality is to reduce the gaps in the differences that arises due to race, gender, and ethnicity (Healthy people, 2015) . For example, health policies help to promote healthy behavior and ban cigarette and tobacco advertisements (WHO, 2015). There are policies that do not focus on such practices and thus they do not impact the people (WHO, 2015). Furthermore, creating a policy helps people to meet the goals of reducing health disparity (WHO, 2015). There has been a national level policy named â€Å"Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation†, which aims to improve health for the population in England (WHO, 2015). By implementingShow MoreRelatedCritical Reflection Of The Healthy People Healthy Places Reading Material And Consists Of Three Sections1342 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Reflection 1 Introduction This paper is a critical reflection of the healthy people healthy places reading material and consists of three sections. It includes the definition of terms like health inequality and how does it relates to health equity. 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Corporate Sustainability Strategic Indicators †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Sustainability Strategic Indicators. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is a trading entity and is an Anglo Australian multinational company. It deals in a number of areas namely mining, petroleum, metals and many more as such sectors. Headquartered in the Melbourne it was founded in the year 1885 in broken hill of Australia. It is termed as the Worlds largest mining company in 2015 according to the value of its shares and market presence. The mentioned report will provide a clear highlight of the business strategies of the mentioned company and its success factors over the years. The purpose of the report is to determine the internal and external analysis of the mentioned company. The mentioned company operates a wide variety of mining processing and oil and gas production operations in around 25 countries across the world. The company has four primary operational units, with an optional fifth operational unit, referred to as Businesses: Potash Iron Ore Copper Petroleum Coal The company employs around 40,000 people all over the world in its vast range of corporate offices and company facilities. The researcher states that the companies transformed them entirely in the world of information and BHP Billiton ability to exploit the intangible assets is turning out to be more decisive than their ability to administer tangible assets. BHP Billiton is expanding its business on global platforms and study reveals that it has implemented the concept of balanced scorecard, which helps in supplementing the measurement of financial performance of business (Bair and Palpacuer 2015). Hence, the resources and core competencies measures the criteria of perspective customers, internal business process, learning and growth. BHP Billiton is of late has been transferring the resources and capabilities across the geographical boundary which provides the way for company to leverage its core competencies more fully and expands its competitive advantage into the wider array of geographical markets (Billiton 2014). VRIO Analysis is performed to determine the conceptual framework of which forms an indispensible part of BHP Billiton strategic scheme. The primary objective of conducting such analysis is to determine the resources of BHP Billiton or the capability worth of BHP Billiton. Value:The primary question rose whether BHP Billiton has the abilityto make optimum utilization of its resources or does it put in effort in exploring and exploiting the opportunities (Billiton 2014). It is also puts an emphasis on inflecting threat in the market position for BHP Billiton, if a firm is unable to possess threat in the market then it might expose its weakness. However, in this context BHP Billiton having abundant of resources and assets is regarded as strength in mining industry and other competing firms might feel themselves as a threat in contrast to the resource capabilities of BHP Billiton. Rarity:BHP Billiton is considered as one of those mining companies which has a superior competitive advantage in the market. It is not short of resources and capabilities and hence, it is benefited from the other competing organizations due to is vast range of properties (Billiton 2014). Numerous studies has indicated that BHP Billiton enjoys the competitive advantage in following sector over several other mining firms due to its overall objectives and strategies which are apparent throughout the mining industry. Immutability:The scenario of compatibilityreflected through the frameworkof VRIO analysis reflects the internal environment of BHP Billiton. It determines the adequacy of cost disadvantage in terms of capability and resources in the process of procuring and the development of the resources in comparison to other mining firms. Mining company like BHP Billiton having rich and valuable resources can be hard to emulate for other competing firms in order to gain advantage. BHP Billiton can either exploit those external opportunity or neutralize the threat from external sources by making optimum utilization of available resources (White 2017). Organization:Once BHP Billiton has understood the concept of rarity, value and immutability of resources and capabilities, the next procedure is to organize the organization in an appropriate manner to make an effective use of such resources (White 2017). However due to its large scale of operation, BHP enjoys the benefits sustained competitive advantage for prolonged period of time. The management and the control systems of BHP Billiton consist of both formal and informal mode of managerial decisions by aligning such decisions with the strategy of the organization. These components of BHP Billiton are better known for complementary capabilities and resources because it helps in sustained competitive advantage. Without correct organizational and managerial strategies no firms can achieve the valuable, rarity and immutability and may suffer competitive disadvantage. The term value chain comprises of activities defines the functional operations and performance of specific activities in order to deliver valuable product and service in the market. The theory of value chain is based on the foundation of decision supporting tools, which adds to the competitive parameters (Billiton 2016). Value chain analysis facilitates the physical illustration of several processes for BHP Billiton, which are involved in mining, and extraction of raw materials and concluding the procedure by rendering the final product, which is commonly known as value chain. Primary activities:Facilitating the arrangement for inbound movement of minerals, metallurgical coal, silver, irons ore, manganese from the mining site to the manufacturing units. The functions and operations of BHP Billiton are concentrated on administrating the process, which converts the inputs of raw materials in to the output of finished goods. Supportive activities:This process consists of procuring the raw materials such as metallurgical coal, silver extracts, iron ore, diamonds, and manganese from the mining sites to the manufacturing unit where plants and equipment are located. The technological unit in collaboration with the unit that manufactures the products is concerned with retaining the equipments such as the software, technological knowledge and hardware which is introduced by BHP Billiton in converting those inputs into finished goods. BHP Billiton is supported in a proper way by the activities such as accounting and finance controlling the public relation and the quality. Value chain forms an integral part of BHP Billiton for appropriate functional operations. The concept of value chain has rapidly paved its way in leading the management position, which is considered as an important tool for strategic planning. BHP Billiton implements the theory of value chain to the entire supply chains and distribution channels of its organization (Billiton 2016). This implementation has enabled BHP Billiton to post yet another groundbreaking performance based on its business approach aimed at developing the manifold equipments for growth. Such feat acts as an encouraging aspect adjacent to the surroundings of financially viable challenges in relation to its business. Competitive Advantage STRENGTHS OPPURTUNITIES Strong performance financially Diversification International Presence Marketing Position Association with Social Presence Mergers and Acquisitions Global Expansion New tasks Marketing Innovations WEAKNESS THREATS Earlier History of Mishaps Unskilled Human Resources Corporate Communication Demand Fluctuations Rise in Competition Rise in the Costs Threats from political grounds BHP Billiton is a well known company that deals in Natural Resources. The company has a vast range of assets spanning across the globe which makes it one of the very best in the business. The company is one of the largest suppliers of uranium, copper, silver, lead and aluminum. BHP is also a major producer of iron ore, metallurgical coal and manganese with operations in Australia, Brazil and South Africa. With eight operations across South Africa, Australia, the South America, United States the Coal section of the organization provides thermal power for the production of electricity in power generation and some other industries that requires electricity. The mentioned company in this report has been influential in dealing with financial transactions and has been successfully able to provide huge financial returns to the people who have invested in the company. This has been possible because of the aggressive share buyback program of the company. (Pepper et al. 2015). The management of the company has to take care to improve the gross profit margins and also on some long term plans like financial equity. BHP Billiton currently faces several issues that are directly connected to human resources that have a clear impact on the operations. This happens due to the absence of a bunch of trained and qualified staff in the ranks. The weakness of the company in corporate communication is a disadvantage for the company as the staffs of the mentioned company are not that active while responding to enquiries related to corporate management or effective communication between them and the shareholders of the company. A number of projects have been undertaken by the mentioned company which is to be executed by them. There are more than 25 projects in the offering which promises to be a huge source of revenue for the company if they are done and completed in an efficient manner. The mentioned organization can undertake different activities to strengthen its brand position by integrating innovative and latest marketing solutions and by using some new media tools and reaching out to the customers. Kyoto Protocol is now mandatory to abide for every single business organization. BHP Billiton promised to cut down greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5%. The program if managed properly will provide the best example for environmental responsibility and development of the sustainability of the company. There has been a looming threat from continuously rising costs from the suppliers like shipping costs, inflation of prices of essential commodities, rising issues with workers that has been restricting the development of the company globally (Mayes et al. 2014). BHP Billiton is facing political issues even in Australia, as the company has received an unfavorable ruling from the government regarding infrastructure access and the political dynamics of being on the right side of issues cannot be underestimated (Grant et al. 2014). BHP Billiton depends entirely on China for supplying a large chunk of natural resources and global slowdown in world markets will have a direct and devastating impact on BHP. The company must solve the issue to fulfill the demand to gain a respectable percentage of profit in the coming years. PESTLE Analysis Political Factors- Some of the political factors that determine the strategies of BHP Billiton are; Political stability of the country where the company operates Risk of Military invasion Protection of the properties Industrial safety regulations Trade regulations and different tax regimes Economic Factors- Some of the economic factors that determine the strategies of BHP Billiton are; Economic condition of the country where the company operates Efficiency of the financial markets Education level in the economy Labor cost and the amount of productivity in the economy The economical growth rate Conclusion The researcher has been able to accomplish the aims and objectives of the research. The strategies, internal and external analysis of the report has been prepared accordingly. The structure of the report has been done on a systematic basic and thus it has been helpful for the readers to get a clear idea about the focus of the research. References Bair, J. and Palpacuer, F., 2015. CSR beyond the corporation: contested governance in global value chains.Global Networks,15(s1). Billiton, B.H.P., 2014. BHP Billiton Annual Report 2012.Retrieved on September,28, p.2014. Billiton, B.H.P., 2014. BHP Billiton Interim Results: TranscriptInvestor Briefing, 18 February. Billiton, B.H.P., 2016. Resourcing Global GrowthAnnual report 2015.BHP Billiton, Melbourne. Floris, M., Grant, D. and Cutcher, L., 2013. Mining the discourse: Strategizing during BHP Billiton's attempted acquisition of Rio Tinto.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), pp.1185-1215. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M.L. and Fitzpatrick, P., 2014. Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.70-83. Grant, R., Butler, B., Orr, S. and Murray, P.A., 2014.Contemporary strategic management: An Australasian perspective. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd. Hubbard, T.N., Hubbard, T.N., Moore, M.J. and Moore, M.J., 2017. BHP Billiton: Mining Potash.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-13. Lodhia, S. and Martin, N., 2014. Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study.Journal of cleaner production,84, pp.107-115. Mayes, R., McDonald, P. and Pini, B., 2014. Ourcommunity: corporate social responsibility, neoliberalisation, and mining industry community engagement in rural Australia.Environment and Planning A,46(2), pp.398-413. Ore, B.B.I., 2014. Health Safety, Crisis and Emergency Management Version 2.0. Pepper*, A., McIntosh, P., Fitzsimmons, R., Gebhardt, T. and Dillenbeck, E., 2015, September. The Unconventional Global Endowment: Results of BHP Billiton's Global Assessment. InInternational Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015(pp. 283-283). Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Price, G., 2015. Spotlight on seeds for BHP Billiton Iron Ore.AusIMM Bulletin, (Jun 2015), p.76. White, S., 2017. Regulating for local content: Limitations of legal and regulatory instruments in promoting small scale suppliers in extractive industries in developing economies.The Extractive Industries and Society,4(2), pp.260-266.