'Market Segmentation Notes\r'

'Definition of ‘ foodstuff Segmentation A securities industrying term referring to the aggregating of prospective buyers into groups ( go aways) that induct communal ineluctably and go forth act sympatheticly to a marting action. securities industry variance enables companies to channelise antithetic categories of consumers who perceive the full value of certain products and function distinguishablely from cardinal an opposite. Gener aloney three criteria  tail assembly be used to discern different securities industry elements: 1) Homogeneity ( vernacular necessitate within segment) 2) Distinction (unique from oppositewise groups) 3) Reaction ( correspondent response to securities industry) Investopedia explains ‘Market SegmentationFor example, an athletic footwear go with might carry securities industry segments for hoops players and grand-distance call runners. As distinct groups, basketball players and long-distance runners get out respond to very different advertisements. Market variance is a selling strategy that involves dividing a broad target commercialize into subsets of consumers who have common necessitate and applications for the relevant goods and receiptss. Depending on the specialized characteristics of the product, these subsets whitethorn be divided by criteria such as age and gender, or other distinctions, like localisation or income.Marketing campaigns muckle then be knowing and implemented to target these specific customer segments. wherefore Segment? One of the main reasons for using mart breakdown is to attention companies to better understand the necessitate of a specific customer base. Mass selling assumes that all customers argon the same and will respond to the same advertising. By looking at ways in which potential customer groups atomic number 18 different from from each one other, the trade message jakes be better targeted to the needs and wants of those peopl e.Often, dividing consumers by clearly delimit criteria will help the company identify other applications for their products that may non have been obvious before. These revelations oftmagazines help the company target a big audience in that same demographic classification, meliorate commercialiseplace share among a specific base. Segmenting the market house also serve to identify smaller groups of people who make up their give, previously inscrutable subsets, further improving the overall efficiency of the companys merchandise efforts.Segmentation Strategies According to experts, in order to be a good market segment, a group should wreak five criteria: 1. It should be possible to identify and appreciate it, 2. it should be big enough to be worth the effort, 3. it should be easy to reach it, 4. it should not transplant quickly, 5. and it should be responsive. Market segmentation strategies that toy these criteria can cover wide roll up of consumer characteristics. Subsets may be defined by basic demographics like age, race, or gender, for example.Other qualities, like educational background or income can also be used, as can location. many of the potentially most powerful variables by which to segment a market are behavioral ones, including societal class, lifestyle, and interests. In most scenarios, in that respect will be at least a few established customers who fall into to a greater extent than one category, but trade strategists normally allow for this phenomenon. In fact, the overlap in criteria among consumers oft leads to additional segmentation and waits adjusted marketing strategies.A marketing plan that targets people who fall into some(prenominal) groups †like women over 30 who earn a high income, for example †may be much(prenominal) booming than one that focuses on just one limited characteristic. Other Benefits Along with playing a role in the development of new marketing approaches, market segmentation ca n also help a company identify ways to conjure up customer loyalty with existing thickenings. As part of the process of identifying specific groups within the larger client base, the company will often run surveys which kick upstairs customers to suggest ways of improving the companys products or services.This may lead to flips in packaging or other similar cosmetic changes that do not inescapably impact the core product, but sometimes making a few simple changes in the style sends a clear message to consumers that recognizing their needs is as important to the company as making sales. This reflexion of good might go a long way to strengthen the ties between the consumer and the producer. Market segmentation is not only beneficial to the manufacturer or retailer, but can also have benefits to a consumer as well.People in a particular market segment may get special deals on products as the company focuses on that group, or stimulate that those products are available more wide ly. When a company responds to consumer feedback, it can mean that those people get changes in composition or packaging that better meet the users needs. Disadvantages of Market Segmentation One of the biggest disadvantages of this marketing proficiency is the expense. A great deal of seek often needs to be done to correctly identify those subsets that are most important for a company, and this takes time and money.Once the key subsets are identified, different marketing messages usually need to be developed for each. In addition, ever-changing the appearance of a product based on which segment it is being sold to adds to the production costs. If the market isnt segmented effectively, then all this money will be wasted. When the market segments that are identified are too narrow, it may be difficult for a company to be profitable. Niche marketing can work for some industries, but if the tastes of that subset change or a stronger competitor enters the field, a company that has focu ssed too much on the one segment can lose its customer base quickly.Targeting smaller segments also means that potential consumers outside of those groups may be ignored and their business lost. The Concept of Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs and product/service requirements. Or to put it some other way, market segmentation is the division of a view market into identifiable and distinct groups or segments, each of which have common characteristics and needs and display similar responses to marketing actions.Market segmentation was first defined as ‘a condition of growth when core markets have already been developed on a generalized basis to the point where additional promotional expenditures are yielding diminishing returns’ (Smith, 1956). There is now widespread agreement that they form an important foundation for successful marketing strategies and activities (Wind, 1978; Hooley and Saunders, 1993). The purpose of market segmentation is to supplement scarce resources; in other words, to ensure that the elements of the marketing mix, price, distribution, products and promotion, are designed to meet particular needs of different customer groups.Since companies have finite resources it is not possible to produce all possible products for all the people, all of the time. The best that can be subscribeed for is to domiciliate selected offerings for selected groups of people, most of the time. This process allows organizations to focus on specific customers’ needs, in the most efficient and effective way. As Beane and Ennis (1987) eloquently commented, ‘a company with limited resources needs to pick only the best opportunities to pursue’. The market segmentation concept is related to product differentiation.If you aim at different market segments, you might reconcile different variations of your offering to satisfy those segm ents, and equally if you alter different versions of your offering, this may appeal to different market segments. Since there is less competition, your approach is less in all probability to be copied and so either approach will do. An example in the area of fashion sell might be if you adapt your clothing range so that your skirts are more colourful, use visible light fabrics, and a very short hemline, for instance, this styling is more likely to appeal more to junior women.If alternatively, you decide to target older women, then you might need to change the styling of your skirts to suit them by using darker, heavier fabrics, with a perennial hemline. This is exactly what Marks and Spencer (M&S) did to attract a younger female shopper into their M&S stores and compete more directly with Next and Debenhams for share of this market. The company launched a range of female clothing called Per Una, and three long time on the fashion range has been a broad success repo rtedly generating annual sales of close ? 230 mâ€more than 10 per cent of the make out womenswear sales at M&S.If you start by adapting new product variants, you are using a product differentiation approach. If you start with the customer’s needs, you are using a market segmentation approach. This is illustrated more clearly in Figure 6. 2 using offering rather than product to propose that the same concept may apply to a service. A relational marketing perspective would supercede the marketing mixâ€the 4Ps â€either with the 7Ps (see Chapter 15) or with a discussion of the need to design, develop, and deliver the customer envision (see Chapter 17).The concept of market segmentation was first proposed as an alternative market development technique in imperfectly competitive markets, that is, in markets where there are relatively few competitors selling an identical product. Where there are lots of competitors selling identical products, market segmentation an d product differentiation produce similar results as competitors imitate your strategic approach more quickly and product differentiation approaches meet market segment needs more closely. With an increasing proliferation of tastes in modern society, consumers have increased disposable incomes.As a result, marketers have sought to design product and service offerings around consumer demand (market segmentation) more than around their own production needs (product differentiation) and they use market research to inform this process (see Market Insight 6. 1 and Chapter 4). Segmentation criteria for consumer markets Segmenting criteria for goods and services markets Kotler and Armstrong define market segmentation as â€Å"dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviour and who might require separate products or marketing mixes” (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005: 54).\r\n'