Management Information On Decision Making Information Technology Essay

heed schooling On Decision Making In trendation engineering science EssayIn today advance technological and competitory c argon environment Management development t hemorrhagek plays a indispens pendant role. This assignment report explains how familiarity guidance multifariousnesss the over all told structure of the fundamental law and how it effects the divergent aspect of organic law condescension such as strategical conclusion making, schooling manduction, production, financial, marketing and customer action. Some entropy and nurture rating methods ar discussed which endures mettlesome prime(prenominal) reading to the focussing culture body for the completion of all important(predicate) problem. Finally termination-making tools such as SWOT and ASHEN ar discussed that how these tools component part in decision-making.ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES7004-STRATEGIC tuition MANAGEMENTASSIGNMENT QUESTIONWith reference to your organic law, identify str ategic discipline dodge (IS) issues and critically analyze and evaluate the judicatures practice to solve the problems committed with implementing strategic breeding musical arrangements. Also discuss the wider makeupal implications of the footmarks take aimn by the giving medication in the usance of IS and their consequences.Your report should cover the spare- cadence activity learning outcomes and assessment criteria-LO1 Understanding the impact of heed education on decision makingThe basic concern of Management Information brass (MIS) is the collection, serveing, storing, exchanging and transmission of the appropriate specifyation in the musical arrangement for the deem of counselling operations. on that pointfore with help of this appropriate reading collected from different transition, an government whoremonger make a succeederful decision. In the absence of Management Information System (MIS) in that location is small chances for an presidency to ac hieve its targets and handicraft growth. quantifyment Criteria1.1 Identify the features of info and readingselective entropyData is be as the collection of facts close events. This collection of facts is in raw form content that an unorganised and un neat form, which tolerate non be use for substantive mark for example Name, Age, Price and so onInformationInformation is defined as a fountainhead-organised, healthful- played and meaningful form of info generated from raw selective reading. The end users habituates this meaningful education for making a decision tardily for example Employees Records, trade Report and so onteraAccessibility, Relevance, comprehensibility, patness and accuracyIn each memorial tablet it is important that accessibility to development essential be provided to all departments employees it promoter that avail big commercial enterpriseman of information to the caution and other staff. The accessible information essential(pren ominal) be relevant to the processes, functionality and operations of that department. The information moldiness be intelligible i.e. clear, well organised and structured, essential be sequencelines i.e. suitable to complete tie in task and must(prenominal) be accurate to generate the expected chair ripely.Determine the criteria to be applied when selecting selective information and information to survive decision-makingIn business environment info is a valuable asset for any presidency. The selective information must be collected guardedly because agreement decision-making processes are establish on the generated information from this information. eyepatch selecting data and information for decision-making we must apply some criteria to this selection such as accuracy, validity, clarity etc.Data selection criteriaAccuracy, completeness, validity, consistencyAccuracyData accuracy is bouncy role in management information because an accurate data finish generate super valuable resolutions. For data accuracy timeliness is important otherwise there will be errors in the result.CompletenessThe completeness of the data means the approachability of latest data for decision-maker. The incomplete data contribute drop dead to poor decision-making management information.ValidityThe validity of data mean data must be collected bangfully and from an authentic source. The source of data must be known and verified.ConsistencyThe consistency of data is secern role in good management information because it generates rock-steady, steady, well-organised and well-structured information.Information selection criteriaData prime(prenominal), definition clarity, relevance, set upation, timeliness, availabilityData pure toneTo generate highly valuable and standard information data must be accord to certain pure tone standards such as data must be in the appropriate format, well structure, well-organised and standard transferring method must be apply .Definition clarityThe generated Information must be clearly and well understandable, this will allow ecesis employees to use the repair information in the mightily place.RelevanceInformation must be relevant to a task that it ordure be examined and packaged into an effective format. This is helpful that the management information is having to the point information barely the information must not be incomplete.PresentationThe management information must be able to present information in the right format, order, well-structured and attractive design. This will notice a clearer picture of the giving medication.TimelinessThe information must not take interminable time i.e. must be concise and to the point that the management information can quickly rejoinder.AvailabilityThe regular availability of information must be guaranteed to the management information that all tasks can run smoothly and the management information is able to generate up to project results.Evaluate the impact of a management information transcription to an governmentIncreasing productivity and creativityManagement information ashes provides knowledge to workers accessing information imaginativenesss. Using this knowledge the productivity of organisation is increased quick i.e. constrain more products in short time. Not plainly this but also it brings saucy ideas and inspiration into the organisation.Developing policiesManagement information outline helps organisations to get maximum benefits from the extensive use of these information resources in ontogeny policies i.e. planning, implementation and evaluation in the organisation.Use of strategic information resourcesIn the management information system the strategic information resources helps organisation in increasing productivity and brings young innovation. Organisations are able to do break dance planning, implement new policies efficiently. Strategic information resources meliorate the use of information resou rces in business, government and non-profit organisations strategies.Understanding ICT as a tool for accessing informationIn the management information system the Information and Communication applied science (ICT) tools are the most commonly apply source for accessing information. These tools allow organization to access any type of information such products, researches, new developments, quality standards, communication with employees and customers etc.Managing external, corporate and informal information in organizationThe management information system systematically and efficiently manages the external information i.e. customer withdraws and choices, corporate information i.e. organisation grades, brand names, advertisement and marketing procedure, and internal information i.e. effectiveness of tasks, quick treat, interpretation and response of the organisation staff.Using information to verify business processesInformation supports the next business process.Market and customer informationUsing Market information organisation can learn roughly the competitors in the market allowing them to improve product quality, increase productivity etc. utilize customer information organisation will sop up a better understanding of customer needs and choices.Product informationUsing product information organisation can improve products quality, increase production, price comparison and easily availability.specialiser knowledgeUsing specia controversy knowledge organisation can fashion new innovative products, add new customer to business, reduced address and expenditure.Business process informationBusiness process information supports the internal information about the performance of the organisation such Finances, Customer, internal process and learning and growth.Management information and plansManagement information and plans supports the developing policies, upcoming planes, and improvement of services of the organisation.Human resource informationHu man resource information is essential for organisations reputation, product support, future planes and innovations.provider informationThe Supplier information allows the organisations to choose from a large number of suppliers offers affordable price, beaver quality and quick service.LO2 Understanding the importance of information sharing in spite of appearance the organisationInformation sharing inwardly the organisation making employees as team allowing them to put forward their ideas, inspiration, new creations, discuss different matter and find solution for critical issue. This improves the overall efficiency of the organisation in terms of employees, products, policies, customers and competitors.Assessment Criteria2.1 Determine the legal responsibilities in sourcing, sharing and storing informationConfidentiality and privacySpecial care must be interpreted when sourcing, sharing and storing information such that this must fully compliance with the Data bulwark Act. Inform ation about organisation and employee must not be let on with out their assume.Copyright and computer software tributeAny type of data, information and software must be used under copyright and software protection Act. This means that using someone work must be authorised by that person or any organisation to which it belongs.contractual obligationsIn case of conditional agreement information sourcing, sharing and storing must not breach the conditions i.e. all these operations must be tally to the terms and conditions of contract.IS and Crime (criminal not civil law)This includes frauds i.e. dishonestly use of information, onslaught i.e. violation of rules and regulation, miss used of information i.e. for the aim of making organisation or individual unpopular.2.2 Discuss when information should be offered and access allowed.Information obtaining, accessing and touch must be according to the Data Protection Act, which gives the right to individuals Person, organisation etc to know what information is held about them, the purpose of information attribute as well underwrites them that own(prenominal) information is handled properly.Anyone who is processing someone personal information must comply with the eight principles of Data Protection Act, which are explained below.Fairly and lawful processAccording to 1st principle, person-to-person data must be processed fairly and lawfully. This means that the data example i.e. person, organisation permitted the processing of their personal information for any legal and licit purposes such as employment, justice, health and safety etc.Process for limit purposeAccording to 2nd principle, Personal data must be obtained and process for a limited purpose only i.e. one or more particular and lawful purposes. If the further processing of personal information is infallible for other purposes than the specified then the data subject must be informed and further processing should be according to the data object consent.Adequate, relevant and not excessiveAccording to 3rd principle, Personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose it is obtained and processed. This must realize the data subject that the processing of personal data is relevant to the specified purpose and is not unnecessary. perfect and up to dateAccording to 4th principle, Personal data must be accurate and up to date if necessary. This means that the accuracy of the data must be ensure whatever it is directly obtained from the data subject or it is through with(predicate) third party. It is the responsibility of the data object to inform the about any changes or inaccuracy in the data.Not kept for longer than is necessaryAccording to 5th principle, Personal data must not be kept longer than is required for the purpose or purposes later it is processed.Process in line with a persons rightAccording to sixth principle, Personal data shall be processed with the data subject rights under the Data Protection act. This means the data subject has the right to need for the correction, blocking and deleting of their personal data after processing.SecureAccording to seventh principle, the security of personal data must be ensures. This means that in case of unauthorised or unlawful processing, accidental loss and goal to the personal data appropriate technical and organisational measures should be taken to clog such incidents.Data TransferAccording to 8th principle, Personal data must not be transferred outside the European Economic flying field i.e. to outside countries. If the outside countries can ensures that personal data will kick in adequate level of protection and will be processed with the consent of data object and for the specified purpose, then in such property data can be transferred.2.3 Evaluate the formats in which information can be offered.Electronic/ manual(a)In Electronic format information are provided through electronic means computer generated such as E-mail, Ms Word file, Excel sheet, Data Bases etc. while manual information are almost are provided on papers i.e. printed or handwritten such as log books, manual order book, letters, books, reports etc. diagnoses of IndividualsList of individual could be computer generated or manual, which contains details about organization employees, managerial stop and other staff responsible for different task. Usually this contains names, designation, contact etc.LibrariesLibraries are well form and well-structured data storage system used in computer to holds data files, folders, records, pictures, and videos in a proper order etc. now days there are many electronic libraries holding e-book, e-journal etc. not only electronic libraries are used still most organization using large number of manual libraries contains books, journal, research papers, reports etc.FoldersFolder is container used by computer system for organizing folders, programs and files on a disk in graphical user in terfaces mostly represented with a graphical design (icon) of file folder on the screen. Manual folders normally used for holding papers i.e. invoices, report, expenses etc.DocumentsComputer generated document is any self-contained put together of work created with help of any application program is saved with a unique file name. This unique name is used to retrieve that document. While manual documents are hard copies or handwritten records, personal detail, manual etc.List items inside the listsThis is heretical or tree structure, quasi(prenominal) items are list under single category the inside list are known as sub categories of the main category. This keeps items in an organized structure and it is easy to find and locate a particularized item.List items present in the librariesIn the libraries all items are divided in categories, each category contains a list of interrelated items as well sub items, this categorization helps in searching and locating items within the cons iderable total of the lendable items.LO3 Use information to inform and support strategic decision-makingAssessment Criteria3.1 Analyze information to identify patterns and trendsWith the help of information system organisations can identify and predict the patterns and trends in all aspect of the business such as market, competition, customer demands etc and based on the information summary they can make good strategic decisions.The marketThe Information system analyses the data collected from the market and based on the psycho summary the organisation can decide about the product quality improvement, increase productivity, find product price and can decide about the launching of new products and organisation future planes.The competition base on the Information system analysis of the market data organisation can decide about the product price reduction, improves quality, improve advertising campaign, more facilities to customer and shareholder, easily availability etc as compe tition with other organisation.The state of economyestablish on the Information system analysis organisation can manufacture economical product with low cost and can implement for sale resources efficiently i.e. reduction in manufacturing time, proper use of material, required amount of product, reduction in manufacturing defects etc.Legislative developmentInformation system improves the legislative system of the organisation. They are fully compliance with the data protection act, international laws and standards, legal rights. Based on the information analysis the organisations can take legal steps to attract Customers, compete with their competitors, can utilise information resources, shares informations, utilise ironware and software etc.Customer demandsBased on the Information system analyses of the collected data from the market organization can predict the customer demands such as what customer wants, is their need of improvement in products, is there a possibility to laun ch new product, are products easily available to customer, is there a need of change in the policy and legislation, are customers able to commits complains and advices etc, are they happy with prices etc.Evaluate a range of decision making tools and techniques available to support a strategic decisionSWOTSWOT (Strength weaknesses opportunities and Threats) analysis tools provide an organization a structural analysis of its Strengths, Weaknesses, the opportunities and threats they are facing. The SWOT analysis is based on the discussions and people viewpoints and it is not the end but step before any action planning take place. The organization use the analysis result to appreciate its strength (personal, competition, knowledge, production etc) for taking decision to minimize its weaknesses (improve developments, competition, product quality, customer communication etc), utilize most of the opportunities (possibilities, value in next five years, product demands etc) available and tre ating possible present and future threats (limitations, losing product values, equipment and software fault etc) in a be after and well organized way.Critical success factor (CSF)Critical success factor is an approach takes by the organisation to determine organisational need for information. There are a numbers of key factors required for any organisation to be successful, these factors are known as critical success factors. If organisation is unable to achieve these critical success factors, then this will have a high impact on the organisation and as a result there is possibility of organisation failure.The diagram below exposits how CSF helping organisation in the determination for need in key decision (KD) and information Required (IR)CSFKDKDKDIRIRIRIRIRIRWhere CSF represents Critical success factor, KDs represents key decision and IR represents information required to support key decisions.Model determined DSSModel-driven is a interlacing Decision Support System (DSS) syst em helping in analyzing decisions or choosing different options between the available. This type of system is used by the organization / Business managers and staff members, or by other peoples usually interact with the organization. The use of the system is for a number of purposes, which is depending on the setup of the personateing such as scheduling, decision analyses etc. there are a number of ways for the deployment of Model Driven DSS system such as in stand alone PCs through hardware and software in, through lymph gland / server systems, or through the web.Data Driven DSSThe organization manager mostly uses the Data Driven Decision Support System (DSS) system as well staff and the product/service suppliers used it. The use of the system is for a specific need by displace query to a database or data warehouse, which then returns the requested specific information. This type of system is mostly deployed through a mainframe system, client/server system and trough the web. C omputer-based databases are the example such system, having the potential to response to query and valuable results value from existing databases.Data minelayingData Mining is the data analyzing process from different perspectives and after processing generation of useful information summary. This summary information are utilised by the organizations to increase revenue, cuts costs etc. Data mining software is one of the analytical tools available to analyze data. This tool allows users to do analysis of the data from different angles, categorize data, and finally identification of the relationships in a summarized data.Determine the source available to assist in analyzing data informationInformation resources such as Data, Information and knowledgeIn business environment information resources are the most valuable assets for any organisation. The information i.e. data, information or knowledge must be collected carefully and with authenticity because the organisation decision-mak ing processes are based on these information. These sources of these information resources could be organisation employees, customer and other organisations but there must be some criteria for using these resources such as accuracy, validity, clarity etc.Technology resources such as hardware and softwareFor the processing of organisation data and information such as products detail, employees details, manufacturing, stock and accounts information appropriate applied science resources such hardware i.e. computer systems, printers etc and software database system, data analysis tools etc must be available to managers and staffs of the organisation. Using such resources reduces production time, cost, improves communication within the organisation and with the customers.People resources such as employee and managers in organizationsOrganisation employees and managers are the vital part in analysing data because they provides the organisation internal data such as manufactured quantity, cost, stock etc and as well they are operating the available equipments, computer systems and software. In organisation mostly there are people specially trained for operating specialised hardware and software for information processing, analysing, report generation.LO4 Monitor and review management informationAssessment Criteria4.1 Identify methods of evaluating management information within an organizationFor high level of management information organisations utilise different information evaluation methods to ensure a reliable, rely and quality of information management system.Data arrangementData governance (DG) is the overall management of the data use in the enterprise. The Data governance ensures the availability, usability, integrity, and security of the employed data. A politics body or council runs a well-organized data governance program with a well-defined set of procedures and plans for the execution of defined procedures in the right direction. The followings are the three key elements of the successful data governance in an organization.The ability to use timely, reliable, trusted information to drive the businessThe data governance program must be able to ensure the information availability within the prescribed time frame to the recipients that it can be processed at in early stage. This information must be reliable i.e. consistent that execution of different processes can be performed in proper order and in the right direction. As well the information must be trusted i.e. accurate, update and must be gathered from the trusted source otherwise it will triad to program failure.Improving the quality of business decision- makingThe data governance programme must be able to utilise certain standard decision support systems for the movement of high quality of business decision-making such as Model Driven DSS, Data Driven DSS etc. The available data for decision-making must be according to certain quality standard, appropriate format, well st ructured and well organised.Ensuring consistent use of informationThe data governance program must ensure the consistent use of information in organisation for dependableness and smooth flow of business different process. The information flow must be regular to different component of the overall system that the system can generate reliable, trusted and high quality of result otherwise inconsistency will generate incorrect result and will lead to system failure.Management information valueTimelinessTimeliness is a high importance in management information, which means that the recipients must beat information within the prescribed time frame. The timeliness can ensure an early stage information execution, which generates the accurate information result. The characteristic of timeliness of information must be effective as well must includes the current up to date information.ContentManagement information system provides valuable limit for organisation internal and external process support. These contents support business different process such as contents for decision making process, for manufacturing process, for marketing process, financial process, customer and services support etc.FormatManagement information system provides information in an appropriate and clear format, which is easily understandable. The provided information clearly describe the need, the purpose and place where it can be used such as market related information clearly describes the value of the organisation and its product that can be used to improve quality and services.CostManagement information systems help organizations in cost reduction in the overall business i.e. internally and externally. It allows organizations to deliver their products and services to customers at lower price than their competitors. Therefore, overdue to information system organizations can survive in difficult situations and can grow rapidly.4.2 Discuss process for analyzing impact of information on strat egic decision madeSet objective of process or organizationThe information analysis allows the decision-maker in the organization to develop and set objectives and allocates resources required for the achievement of these objectives. Thus the organization top-level management is benefiting from information analysis in making strategic planning.Evaluate weather goals achievedThe information system allows the organisation to evaluate weather the desired goals are achieved from the information analysis or not. In case of failure the process is refined with utilising more resources, expertise, care and thoroughly investigation to make sure a quality of result achieves. Gap analysis is used for the evaluation of weather goals achieved or not.Assess reasons for variance from target to actualThe performance diagnosis is done by applying knowledge to performance to check weather the processes, operations and functions are generating the quality results or not. Each process is judged thorough ly weather the overall process is running smoothly and will complete successfully.Revise and implement new approaches or modify goalsIf there is any mistake in the process it is revised and retest. Some times the achievement of the desired resulted new approaches is utilise and some time the difficulties in achieving result can lead to readjustment in goals.4.3 Determine methods of developing information capture to inform and support strategic decision-makingDIKAR Data Information Knowledge Action ResultThe DIKAR mannequin is used for information quality, which is very helpful in understanding the attributes of management information quality. The diagram below is the description of the overall model.Source Dr.L.Ali, 7004_Strategic Information Management, 2009, Lecture Notes, Cromwell college of IT ManagementAs shown in the diagram the DIKAR model is based on the attributes of the Data, Information, Knowledge, Action and results. These attributes ensure the quality of the each co mponent of the DIKAR model as from the start to the end quality is maintained in all processes. The table below explains the attributes of each component.Data tonusThe provided data must be accurate i.e. up to date, the whole data to complete that task i.e. completeness, collected from authentic and trusted source i.e. validity and regularly available for smooth flow i.e. consistency.Information QualityInformation must be generated from a quality data, all definition must clearly describe the purpose, only relevant information should be used related to a task, the presentation of information should be in the proper order and right format, information must be provided to the recipient in the prescribed time frame and finally availability of information must be ensure to the end user related to that task.Knowledge QualityFor knowledge quality the information quality must be maintained as describe in the previous section, ASHEN factors (is explained in the next section) must be taken into account, the end user must be experienced in using such knowledge i.e. prior experience, knowledge must be clear and easily understandable i.e. explicit knowledge and finally must be understood clearly by the end user i.e. soundless knowledge.Action QualityAn appropriate action must be taken for the solution of the task, this action must be with in the prescribed time frame and must generate results with clarity that ends user can utilise results in the right place and in the right direction.Result QualityThe generated output must clearly state the achieved objectives and consistency of results. The achieved result must be the right and desired and efficient for the task.ASHEN Artefacts Skills Heuristics Experience subjective talentThe ASHEN factors is used for the assessment of knowledge quality at the points des